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Legal IT

Legal chatbots in 2025

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We have in the past dedicated articles to legal chatbots in 2016 and 2019. It is time for an update. In this article, we discuss trends and adoption of legal chatbots, as well as existing regulation. Then we look at legal chatbots for consumers and legal chatbots for law firms. We will do so for the US (because they are still the market leaders), the UK, and the EU.

Trends and adoption

The US has seen a rapid growth of bots / AI agents in law firms: AI adoption in US law firms surged from 19% in 2023 to 79% in 2024, with chatbots playing a central role. This market expansion is still ongoing: the US legal tech market is projected to reach $32.54 billion by 2026, with chatbots as one of the main drivers.

In the UK, adoption is most advanced in large, business-to-business (B2B) law firms. Chatbots are integrated with legal analytics, project management, and contract management systems. In contrast, we find that the B2C market lags: the business-to-consumer market is slower to adopt. Legal chatbots are most popular in firms with large-scale, commoditized services. Chatbot and AI adoption is slowed down by a lack of awareness and uncertainty about the role of AI: over one-third of UK legal professionals remain uncertain about the application of generative AI and chatbots in legal work.

In the EU on the other hand, we are witnessing an increasing adoption. There is a steady rise in chatbot use for routine legal tasks, especially among consumers and SMEs. Chatbots are also seen as tools to improve access to justice, particularly for underserved populations and cross-border matters. At the same time, there are ongoing ethical and legal debates, as there are concerns about accuracy, liability, and bias in AI-generated legal advice.

Regulation

In recent years, there has been a move towards regulating the use of AI, which also affects the use of legal chatbots.  There is a need for transnational regulation, but thus far, each region just does its own thing.

In the US, we are confronted with fragmented regulation. The US lacks a comprehensive federal AI law. As a result, regulation is piecemeal: we are dealing with a) state-level initiatives and b) professional (ethical) conduct rules that guide how lawyers can use AI. When it comes to legal chatbots specifically, there is a requirement for professional oversight. In other words, chatbots cannot independently practice law, and human supervision is required to avoid unauthorized practice and to ensure accuracy. And of course, law firms must consider privacy and security when using legal bots. Compliance with privacy laws is essential, especially when handling sensitive client data.

It is worth noting that the FTC (Federal Trade Commission) has made clear that bots cannot market themselves as “robot lawyers” or a substitute for licensed counsel without substantiation. Its 2024 enforcement against DoNotPay (a consumer rights bot we discussed in previous articles) resulted in a $193,000 penalty and strict advertising restrictions. This FTC ruling is widely cited as the line in the sand for consumer legal AI claims.

Furthermore, the American Bar Association’s first formal opinion on generative AI (Formal Opinion 512, 2024) says lawyers must a) understand the capabilities and limits of AI, b) protect confidentiality, c) supervise outputs, and d) be candid with courts and clients. They do not need to be “AI experts,” but they can’t delegate professional judgment to a bot. Several bar associations and courts have issued similar guidance.

The UK relies on flexible, sector-specific laws and regulation, with a focus on transparency, explainability, and data protection (UK GDPR). Add to that, that legal professionals must ensure chatbots comply with professional ethical standards, including confidentiality and competence.

In the EU, we find regulation on both the EU level, as well as on the national level. On the EU level, the GDPR and the EU AI Act are the most important regulations. The GDPR has strict data privacy requirements which also apply to chatbot operations, especially with sensitive legal data. The EU AI Act introduces risk-based regulation, with high-risk applications (like legal advice) facing stricter requirements for transparency, accuracy, and human oversight.

Apart from the EU regulations, we also find that some National Bar Associations have issued their own regulations. As a result, in some countries only licensed lawyers can provide legal advice. This effectively limits the chatbot scope and/or requires professional supervision.

Legal chatbots for consumers

In previous articles on legal chatbots, we mainly discussed legal chatbots for consumers. What they all have in common is that they facilitate access to legal information. They democratize legal knowledge, making it more accessible to the public. (Links in the introduction). Overall, there still is a steady rise in chatbot use for routine legal tasks, especially among consumers and SMEs.

Legal chatbots for law firms

Apart from chatbots for consumers, in recent years we have also witnessed an increase in the number of legal chatbots for law firms. What are they used for?

  • Automation of routine tasks: chatbots automate legal research, contract review, and administrative work.
  • Document automation: bots are assisting lawyers with the creation and review of standard legal documents.
  • Legal research: AI chatbots can scan and summarize large volumes of legal documents and precedents rapidly.
  • Client engagement and intake: they are also used to handle initial queries, provide information, and schedule appointments, and they can direct clients to appropriate services or professionals.
  • Provide a better consumer experience: some law firms use their own legal chatbots to offer consumer services. By doing so, they enhance accessibility in areas like small claims, tenancy issues, and basic legal advice.

Conclusion

Legal chatbots have become an essential part of legal services in the US, UK, and Europe. Big law firms and routine legal services have been the quickest to adopt these technologies, but now we’re seeing more tools that help everyday people access legal help.

Regulatory frameworks are evolving rapidly, with the EU leading in comprehensive risk-based regulation, the UK favouring sector-specific guidance, and the US maintaining a fragmented, state-driven approach. Across all regions, the focus is on balancing innovation with ethical, professional, and data privacy safeguards.

At present, the US is still leading the way when it comes to legal chatbots. Most research/drafting bots originate in the U.S. (Thomson Reuters, Lexis, Harvey, Bloomberg). The UK on the other hand, is presenting itself as a contract-review hub: tools like Luminance and Robin AI grew out of the U.K.’s startup ecosystem. Continental European firms use a mix of U.S./U.K. platforms under GDPR controls, but also homegrown tools like ClauseBase and Legito for contract/document automation.

 

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Legal IT

Social media for lawyers

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In this article, we focus on social media for lawyers. We start with some statistics about social media that underpin their relevance. Next, we have a look at the different categories of social media that exist. We conclude with a selection of social media that are recommended for lawyers.

Some statistics about social media

In a previous article, we explained why social media matter. They are a valuable marketing tool, even for lawyers, because they provide direct access to your target audiences.  Legal consumers are online consumers and social media allow them to familiarize themselves with the lawyers whose services they want to employ.

And social media are extremely popular, as the following statistics illustrate.

  • In April 2023, there were 4.8 billion social media user identities, which is the equivalent of 59.9% of the global population. If we narrow it down to adults (18 years and older) then we are dealing with a number that is the equivalent of 78% of the population.
  • If we look at the number of people using the Internet, then we find that 92.7% of them are on at least one form of social media.
  • The average time a social media user spends each day on social media amounts to 2 hours and 24 minutes.
  • Demographics: 46.5% of social media users are female, while 53.5% are male.
  • People who are active on social media tend to be active on more than one platform and on average have 6.6 social media profiles.

A key concept in the metrics about social media users is the number of monthly active users (MAU). These are the unique users who use a social media platform at least once a month. Based on these monthly active users, these are the 21 most popular social media platforms.

  1. Facebook — 2.96 billion
  2. YouTube — 2.2 billion
  3. WhatsApp — 2 billion
  4. Instagram — 2 billion
  5. WeChat — 1.26 billion
  6. TikTok — 1 billion
  7. Sina Weibo — 573 million
  8. QQ — 538.91 million
  9. Telegram — 550 million
  10. Snapchat — 557 million
  11. Kuaishou — 573 million
  12. zone — 553.5 million
  13. Pinterest — 444 million
  14. Twitter — 238 million
  15. Reddit — 430 million
  16. LinkedIn — 424 million
  17. Quora — 300 million
  18. Discord — 150 million
  19. Twitch — 140 million
  20. Tumblr — 135 million
  21. Mastodon — 2.5 million

Now, many of those you may not be familiar with because they are mainly used in the Far East, and more specifically in China. Those are probably less relevant for most Western lawyers.

Not yet included in the list is Threads, the new Twitter alternative that was launched by Instagram. In the week after it was launched on 5 July 2023, it already gathered more than 100 million users, which would put it near the top 20. But note that at the time of writing, Threads is not available in the EU.

Categories of social media

There are many different types of social media. To tell them apart, it makes sense to group them in different categories. The Wikipedia uses the following categories.

  • Blogs are informational websites published on the World Wide Web, consisting of discrete, often informal diary-style text entries (posts). By now, most law firms have their own blog. (For more information, read our article on starting a blog).
  • Business networks are a type of social network service that focuses on interactions and relationships for business opportunities and career growth, with less emphasis on activities in personal life. LinkedIn is an example of a business network. Most law firms also are on LinkedIn.
  • Collaborative projects like, e.g., Wikipedia.
  • Enterprise social networks focus on the use of online social networks or social relations among people who share business interests and/or activities. Enterprise social networking is often a facility of enterprise social software. Yammer and Socialcast are examples.
  • Discussion Forums
  • Microblogs are a form of blogging using short posts without titles. When Twitter, e.g., launched, the size of a message was limited to only 140 characters. Other examples include Tumblr, Mastodon, Post.News, Threads, Spoutible, et. al.
  • Photo sharing websites like Instagram, Flickr, Photobucket, etc.
  • Websites with crowd-sourced reviews of products and/or services. Sometimes these focus on specific market segments like, e.g., Tripadvisor, while others are more generic, like Yelp or Amazon.
  • Social bookmarking are online services which allow users to add, annotate, edit, and share bookmarks of web documents. Delicious and Pinterest are two examples.
  • Social gaming (ex. Mafia Wars, World of Warcraft).
  • Generic social network sites like Facebook.
  • Video sharing websites like YouTube, Vimeo, TikTok, etc.
  • Virtual worlds are computer-simulated environments which may be populated by many users who can create a personal avatar, and simultaneously and independently explore the virtual world, participate in its activities and communicate with others. (We discussed virtual worlds before in our article on Web3).

Note that in this overview the Wikipedia did not include messaging apps like WhatsApp, Telegram, or Signal, while most other overviews do include them. Not included either are websites where people can ask all kinds of questions, like Quora or Reddit.

It is also worth pointing out that the boundaries between these categories are fluid and that they often overlap. Videos, e.g., are not only shared on video sharing sites, but also on virtually all messaging apps, as well as on most other popular platforms like LinkedIn, Facebook, etc.

A selection of social media for lawyers

The annual reports by the American Bar Association and Good2bSocial reveal that by now most law firms are active on social media. Many are present on the most popular platforms like LinkedIn and Facebook, and most have their own blog. The most important current trends are that a) more and more law firms are discovering short form video and start using those, and b) that firms who cater to multiple audiences are seeing the importance of market segmentation. In other words, law firms are learning it pays off to target different audiences on different platforms.

Online articles that recommend lawyers which social media to use are fairly consistent in their recommendations. The selection below is limited to those social media that are most relevant for lawyers, topic-wise and geographically. For most of the ones listed below, we have discussed them before in our blog articles.

When it comes to business networking, LinkedIn is the platform of choice.

When it comes to general social media, Facebook is the most popular choice. Recent statistics show that in the US more law firms are advertising on Facebook than on LinkedIn.

When it comes to messaging apps, there are more options. WhatsApp, Instagram, Snapchat, Telegram, and Signal are all popular. Because of privacy concerns, Signal is probably most recommended for lawyers. Note that most messaging apps now also allow to create groups which can function as mailing list for updates as well as short newsletters. A WhatsApp group can currently have 1 024 members, whereas a Telegram super group can have up to 200 000 members.

Because online consumers like to know in advance who they are dealing with, photo sharing apps can provide them with a more human side of a law firm. Instagram still is the most popular platform, followed by Snapchat, Flickr, and Photobucket.

Up until recently, the platform of choice for micro-blogging was Twitter. But since Elon Musk took over, many users and advertisers have turned their back on Twitter. Several alternatives are available, like Mastodon, Threads, Tumblr, Bluesky, or, e.g., Post.news. Threads seems to be positioning itself as the main alternative but is not available in Europe.

For video sharing, there again are several options. For longer videos, YouTube and Vimeo are the platforms of choice. For short-form videos, TikTok, Instagram, and Snapchat are currently most popular. Note, however, that for lawyers TikTok is not recommended because of serious privacy concerns. Several governments worldwide have ordered officials to remove TikTok from their smart phones.

Pinterest still is the recommended platform for social bookmarking.

When it comes to question-and-answer forums, Quora and Reddit are the two main platforms.

That concludes our overview of recommended social media for lawyers in 2023.

 

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